GAMETE.
Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells. Female
gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm. Gametes
are haploid cells, and each cell carries only one copy of each chromosome.
These reproductive cells are produced through a type of cell division called
meiosis. During meiosis, a diploid parent cell, which has two copies of each
chromosome, undergoes one round of DNA replication followed by two separate
cycles of nuclear division to produce four haploid cells. These cells develop
into sperm or ova. The ova mature in the ovaries of females, and the sperm
develop in the testes of males. Each sperm cell, or spermatozoon, is small and
motile. The spermatozoon has a flagellum, which is a tail-shaped structure that
allows the cell to propel and move. In contrast, each egg cell, or ovum, is
relatively large and non-motile. During fertilization, a spermatozoon and ovum
unite to form a new diploid organism.
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