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KASHMIR STAG/HANGUL (CERVUS HANGLU HANGLU)
THE KASHMIR STAG, ALSO
KNOWN AS HANGUL OR CERVUS HANGLU HANGLU, IS A SUBSPECIES OF RED DEER (CERVUS
ELAPHUS) NATIVE TO THE HIGH-ALTITUDE FORESTS OF THE KASHMIR VALLEY AND
SURROUNDING REGIONS IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN. HERE ARE SOME KEY DETAILS ABOUT THE
KASHMIR STAG:
DESCRIPTION: THE
KASHMIR STAG IS A LARGE DEER SPECIES, WITH MALES (STAGS) TYPICALLY LARGER THAN
FEMALES (HINDS). STAGS CAN STAND AROUND 120 TO 150 CENTIMETERS (47 TO 59
INCHES) AT THE SHOULDER AND WEIGH BETWEEN 160 TO 240 KILOGRAMS (350 TO 530
POUNDS). THEY HAVE A STRIKING APPEARANCE WITH A REDDISH-BROWN COAT AND A THICK,
DARK MANE ON THEIR NECK AND THROAT. BOTH MALES AND FEMALES HAVE ANTLERS;
HOWEVER, THE ANTLERS OF STAGS ARE MUCH LARGER AND MORE COMPLEX.
HABITAT AND
RANGE: THE
KASHMIR STAG IS FOUND IN THE DENSE TEMPERATE AND CONIFEROUS FORESTS OF THE
KASHMIR VALLEY AND SURROUNDING AREAS IN THE INDIAN-ADMINISTERED UNION TERRITORY
OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AND IN SOME PARTS OF PAKISTAN, PARTICULARLY IN AZAD
KASHMIR. THEY TYPICALLY INHABIT HILLY AND MOUNTAINOUS TERRAINS AT ALTITUDES
RANGING FROM 1,700 TO 4,300 METERS (5,600 TO 14,100 FEET) ABOVE SEA LEVEL.
BEHAVIOR AND
FEEDING HABITS: KASHMIR STAGS ARE PRIMARILY ACTIVE
DURING DAWN AND DUSK AND TEND TO BE MORE SOLITARY COMPARED TO OTHER DEER
SPECIES. THEY ARE HERBIVORES AND PRIMARILY FEED ON A VARIETY OF VEGETATION,
INCLUDING GRASSES, LEAVES, SHOOTS, AND FRUITS. DURING THE WINTER MONTHS WHEN
FOOD IS SCARCE, THEY MAY ALSO CONSUME BARK AND TWIGS.
BREEDING: THE
KASHMIR STAG, OR HANGUL, MATES DURING THE RUTTING SEASON FROM SEPTEMBER TO
NOVEMBER. MALE STAGS COMPETE FOR MATING RIGHTS, DISPLAYING DOMINANCE THROUGH
VOCALIZATIONS AND PHYSICAL CONTESTS. THEY ESTABLISH TERRITORIES AND SEARCH FOR
RECEPTIVE FEMALES, ENGAGING IN COURTSHIP DISPLAYS. COPULATION OCCURS WHEN A
STAG MOUNTS A HIND FROM BEHIND. THE GESTATION PERIOD IS AROUND 225-230 DAYS.
HINDS GIVE BIRTH TO A SINGLE CALF, OCCASIONALLY TWINS, IN LATE SPRING OR EARLY
SUMMER. THE MOTHER HIDES THE FAWN IN A SECLUDED AREA FOR PROTECTION. MATERNAL
CARE INCLUDES NURSING, GROOMING, AND SAFEGUARDING THE OFFSPRING. CONSERVATION
EFFORTS FOCUS ON PRESERVING HANGUL'S HABITAT, MANAGING POPULATIONS, AND
ENSURING SUCCESSFUL BREEDING TO SAFEGUARD THIS ENDANGERED SPECIES.
CONSERVATION
STATUS:
THE KASHMIR STAG IS LISTED AS "CRITICALLY ENDANGERED" BY THE
INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE (IUCN). THEIR POPULATION HAS
SIGNIFICANTLY DECLINED OVER THE YEARS DUE TO HABITAT LOSS, HUMAN DISTURBANCE,
HUNTING, AND COMPETITION WITH DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK FOR FOOD AND RESOURCES. ADDITIONALLY,
THE LIMITED RANGE AND FRAGMENTED POPULATIONS FURTHER EXACERBATE THEIR
VULNERABILITY TO EXTINCTION.
CONSERVATION
EFFORTS:
SEVERAL CONSERVATION INITIATIVES ARE IN PLACE TO PROTECT THE KASHMIR STAG.
THESE INCLUDE ESTABLISHING PROTECTED AREAS SUCH AS THE DACHIGAM NATIONAL PARK
IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR, WHICH SERVES AS A SIGNIFICANT SANCTUARY FOR THE SPECIES.
CONSERVATION EFFORTS ALSO INVOLVE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT, HABITAT RESTORATION,
AND ANTI-POACHING MEASURES TO ENSURE THE SURVIVAL OF THIS ICONIC DEER SPECIES.
THE KASHMIR STAG HOLDS
CULTURAL AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN THE REGION AND IS CONSIDERED A FLAGSHIP
SPECIES FOR CONSERVATION EFFORTS IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS. PROTECTING THEIR
HABITAT AND ADDRESSING THE THREATS THEY FACE ARE CRUCIAL FOR THE LONG-TERM
SURVIVAL OF THIS UNIQUE AND MAJESTIC DEER SPECIES.
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